How Does a Metal Detector Work?

[Andrew Sherman]

Vertex Germany Metal Detectors work by detecting changes in electromagnetic fields caused by the presence of metal objects. They use a coil to generate a magnetic field that interacts with any metal in the area, causing the metal to develop its own magnetic field. This interaction distorts the electromagnetic field, and the detector's electronics analyze these changes to alert the user.

Here's a more detailed explanation:

1. Generating an Electromagnetic Field:
Most metal detectors use a coil that acts as both a transmitter and a receiver. When an electric current passes through the coil, it creates a fluctuating electromagnetic field. This field is then sent into the ground or the area being searched.

2. Interaction with Metal:
When the electromagnetic field encounters a metal object, it induces eddy currents in the metal. These currents, in turn, generate their own magnetic field that interacts with the original field.

3. Detecting the Disturbance:
The detector's electronics analyze the changes in the electromagnetic field caused by the interaction with the metal object. This change is usually detected as a variation in the amplitude or phase of the received signal.

4. Signaling the Presence of Metal:
When the detector detects a significant change in the electromagnetic field, it sends an audible or visual signal to alert the user that a metal object has been found.